CHROMIUM
Overview
CHROMIUM is a cosmetic ingredient primarily used for COLORANT. It is commonly found in various cosmetic formulations and serves important functions in personal care products.
Also known as: Chrome, CI 77400, Chromium metal
Key Benefits
Chromium metal has no beneficial skin effects. As a colorant it provides color only. Note that chromium compounds vary widely in toxicity: chromium(III) compounds are generally lower risk, while chromium(VI) compounds are toxic and carcinogenic.
Skin Compatibility Ratings
Comedogenic Rating
Non-comedogenic; trivalent chromium (CrΒ³βΊ) used as a colorant at low concentrations.
Source: EU Cosmetics Regulation Annex IV; physicochemical properties
Irritancy Rating
Moderate sensitization potential; hexavalent chromium (CrβΆβΊ) is a well-documented contact allergen and carcinogen. Trivalent chromium (CrΒ³βΊ) used in cosmetics (nail products, eyeshadows) has lower sensitization risk but can cross-react in chromate-allergic individuals. Chromium allergy is one of the most common causes of occupational contact dermatitis.
Source: SCCS assessment of chromium compounds; EU limits on CrβΆβΊ; Thyssen & MennΓ© 2010 (Dermatitis)
Typical Use Concentration
Range
N/A (banned in EU/UK as colorant)
Optimal
N/A
Banned in EU cosmetics. Where historically used, chromium-based pigments were used at colorant levels.
Global Regulation Summary
Overview of current status across major international markets.
Detailed Regional Status
| Region | Status | Max Conc. | Conditions | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| πͺπΊ EU | Banned | - | - | Official β |
| πΊπΈ USA | Allowed | - | - | Official β |
| π―π΅ Japan | Allowed | - | - | Official β |
| π°π· Korea | Unknown | - | - | Official β |
| π¬π§ UK | Banned | - | Follows EU regulations (II/97) | Official β |
π Why Regulations Differ
EU Annex II/97 bans chromium as a cosmetic colorant primarily due to concerns about chromium(VI) contamination and sensitization risk. The US and Japan permit chromium-based colorants in certain approved forms under their color additive regulations.
Regulation Analysis
Regional Agreement
Banned in EU, UK but allowed in USA, Japan.
Category Comparison
There are 193 ingredients in the COLORANT category. 100% are banned in at least one major market.
Strictness Ranking
πΏ Natural Sources
Found in nature as chromite ore (FeCr2O4), the only commercially viable chromium mineral. South Africa, Kazakhstan, and India hold the largest reserves. Trace amounts found in broccoli, grapes, and whole grains.
π How It's Made
Extracted from chromite ore by smelting with carbon (coke) in an electric arc furnace to produce ferrochrome. Pure chromium metal is obtained by the Goldschmidt process (thermite reduction) or electrolysis.
π Uses in Cosmetics
Used in cosmetic products primarily for colorant.
π¬ Other Applications
Used in stainless steel production (about 85% of use), chrome plating, leather tanning, pigments (chrome yellow, chrome green), and as a dietary supplement (chromium picolinate).
π‘ Fun Facts
- β’ Chromium gives rubies their red color and emeralds their green color β the same element, just in different crystal structures
- β’ The element was named 'chromium' from Greek 'chroma' meaning color, because almost all its compounds are intensely colored
- β’ Chrome plating on cars and faucets uses extremely thin layers β about 0.0001 inches thick β yet provides years of corrosion protection
Data Sources
- β’ EU CosIng database β Annex II/97
- β’ IARC Monographs β Chromium(VI) compounds (Group 1)
- β’ FDA color additive regulations
Last data verification: 2026-04-16
Related Ingredients
ALUMINUM SILICATE
ALUMINUM STEARATE
BARIUM SULFATE
CALCIUM STEARATE
CI 15985
CI 19140
Learn More
Frequently Asked Questions
Why is CHROMIUM banned in the EU but allowed in the US?
The EU follows a precautionary principle, banning CHROMIUM under II/97 due to potential safety concerns. The US FDA has not found sufficient evidence to prohibit its use, allowing it under different safety assessment standards. This reflects differing regulatory philosophies between the two regions.
Why is CHROMIUM banned in the EU but allowed in Japan?
The EU prohibits CHROMIUM (II/97) based on their strict safety criteria. Japan's Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW) has evaluated the ingredient and permits its use, potentially with different safety data or usage conditions.
What is CHROMIUM used for in cosmetics?
CHROMIUM is primarily used for colorant in cosmetic products. The ingredient is commonly found in makeup products, hair dyes, and colored cosmetics.
Which countries regulate CHROMIUM?
CHROMIUM is banned in EU, UK. The ingredient is freely allowed in JP, US.
Are there alternatives to CHROMIUM?
Due to regulatory restrictions on CHROMIUM, cosmetic manufacturers often use alternative ingredients with similar functions. For colorant, alternatives may include other approved ingredients in the same category. Consult product labels for specific formulations, and look for products compliant with your region's regulations.
Disclaimer
The information on this website is for educational and informational purposes only and is not intended as medical advice. While we strive for accuracy based on official government databases, cosmetic regulations change frequently. Always consult with a qualified professional or refer to the latest official regulatory documents for compliance. We are not responsible for any actions taken based on the information provided here.