PETROLATUM
Commonly Found In
Overview
PETROLATUM is a purified semi-solid mixture of hydrocarbons derived from petroleum, used in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals as an occlusive emollient and skin protectant. It functions by forming a physical barrier on the skin surface that reduces transepidermal water loss (TEWL), thereby supporting skin hydration and barrier repair. The FDA has approved pharmaceutical-grade (USP) petrolatum as an OTC skin protectant at concentrations of 30β100%. In the EU, petrolatum is restricted in cosmetics unless the full refining history can demonstrate the substance is not carcinogenic; highly refined white petrolatum meeting EU purity requirements is permitted. Highly refined petrolatum is generally considered one of the most effective and safe occlusive moisturizers available.
Also known as: Petrolatum, White Petrolatum, Yellow Petrolatum, Petroleum Jelly, Vaseline (brand)
Key Benefits
Clinical evidence indicates that petrolatum is among the most effective occlusive agents for reducing transepidermal water loss, which may help restore and maintain skin hydration. Studies suggest that pharmaceutical-grade (USP) petrolatum may support wound healing and barrier repair, and it has been used clinically in post-procedure and eczema management.
Supporting Research
- β’ Ghadially et al. (1992) β petrolatum demonstrated barrier repair properties in aged skin (J Am Acad Dermatol)
- β’ Draelos (2000) β review of petrolatum's occlusive mechanism and clinical applications (Dermatol Nurs)
Skin Compatibility Ratings
Comedogenic Rating
Controversial rating; crude or low-purity petrolatum rates 4. Highly refined white USP petrolatum is considered non-comedogenic by many dermatologists. Purity grade is critical to comedogenicity assessment.
Source: Kligman & Mills comedogenicity scale (original); however, USP-grade white petrolatum is often rated 0β1 by modern dermatologists
Irritancy Rating
Non-irritating; considered among the safest topical ingredients when used as highly refined USP/EP grade
Source: FDA OTC skin protectant monograph; CIR Expert Panel
Typical Use Concentration
Range
1β100%
Optimal
30β100% as skin protectant; 1β10% in creams/ointments as occlusive component
FDA OTC skin protectant monograph: 30β100% for petrolatum. EU requires highly refined grade meeting purity specifications. Japan permits use.
Works Well With / Avoid
Works Well With
Use With Caution
Most effective occlusive agent available; forms a non-comedogenic barrier when USP grade is used. Anhydrous; does not support microbial growth. Not water-soluble; removes with oil-based cleansers. EU requires full refining history documentation to demonstrate non-carcinogenicity.
Commonly Found In
Global Regulation Summary
Overview of current status across major international markets.
Detailed Regional Status
| Region | Status | Max Conc. | Conditions | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| πͺπΊ EU | Banned | - | - | Official β |
| πΊπΈ USA | Allowed | - | - | Official β |
| π―π΅ Japan | Allowed | - | - | Official β |
| π°π· Korea | Unknown | - | - | Official β |
| π¬π§ UK | Banned | - | Follows EU regulations (II/904 (except if the full refining history is known and it can be shown that the substance from which it is produced is not a carcinogen)) | Official β |
π Why Regulations Differ
Petrolatum is an FDA-approved OTC skin protectant in the US. In the EU, it is restricted under Annex II (banned) unless the full refining history demonstrates absence of carcinogenic potential. Highly refined white petrolatum meeting EU specifications is permitted. The UK follows the EU restriction. Japan permits use. This divergence reflects different approaches to risk assessment of petroleum-derived ingredients in cosmetics.
Regulation Analysis
Regional Agreement
Banned in EU, UK but allowed in USA, Japan.
Category Comparison
There are 104 ingredients in the ANTISTATIC category. 99% are banned in at least one major market.
Strictness Ranking
πΏ Natural Sources
Derived from petroleum crude oil. Originally discovered occurring naturally on oil rig equipment. A mixture of saturated hydrocarbons, primarily composed of mineral oil and microcrystalline waxes.
π How It's Made
Produced by vacuum distillation of petroleum residues, followed by dewaxing and purification. USP and EP grade petrolatum undergoes extensive purification to remove aromatic compounds. White petrolatum is further refined than yellow petrolatum.
π Uses in Cosmetics
Used at 1-100% as an occlusive moisturizer and skin protectant. Forms a barrier that prevents transepidermal water loss (TEWL). Pharmaceutical grade (USP) approved for topical use. Non-comedogenic when highly refined. Used in lip balms, healing ointments, and diaper creams.
π¬ Other Applications
Used in pharmaceutical ointments (Vaseline), as a lubricant, rust prevention, leather conditioning, and historically in Edison's phonograph cylinders. Aquaphor contains 41% petrolatum.
π‘ Fun Facts
- β’ Discovered in 1859 by oil workers in Pennsylvania who noticed a waxy residue on drilling equipment that helped heal cuts and burns
- β’ Robert Chesebrough, founder of Vaseline, was so confident in petrolatum he reportedly ate a spoonful daily and burned himself with acid to demonstrate its healing properties
- β’ Despite being petroleum-derived, highly refined pharmaceutical-grade petrolatum is considered one of the safest and most effective moisturizers
Related Skin Concerns
Data Sources
- β’ FDA 21 CFR 347.10 OTC skin protectant monograph
- β’ EU Cosmetics Regulation Annex II (restricted substances)
- β’ CIR Expert Panel safety assessment of petrolatum
- β’ Ghadially et al., J Am Acad Dermatol 1992;26(3):387-396
Last data verification: 2026-04-12
Related Ingredients
CYCLOMETHICONE
CYCLOTETRASILOXANE
RED PETROLATUM
BENZALKONIUM CHLORIDE
CAMPHOR BENZALKONIUM METHOSULFATE
CETRIMONIUM BROMIDE
Learn More
Frequently Asked Questions
Why is PETROLATUM banned in the EU but allowed in the US?
The EU follows a precautionary principle, banning PETROLATUM under II/904 (except if the full refining history is known and it can be shown that the substance from which it is produced is not a carcinogen) due to potential safety concerns. The US FDA has not found sufficient evidence to prohibit its use, allowing it under different safety assessment standards. This reflects differing regulatory philosophies between the two regions.
Why is PETROLATUM banned in the EU but allowed in Japan?
The EU prohibits PETROLATUM (II/904 (except if the full refining history is known and it can be shown that the substance from which it is produced is not a carcinogen)) based on their strict safety criteria. Japan's Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW) has evaluated the ingredient and permits its use, potentially with different safety data or usage conditions.
What is PETROLATUM used for in cosmetics?
PETROLATUM is primarily used for antistatic in cosmetic products. It also serves as skin conditioning - emollient. The ingredient is commonly found in various cosmetic and personal care products.
Which countries regulate PETROLATUM?
PETROLATUM is banned in EU, UK. The ingredient is freely allowed in JP, US.
Are there alternatives to PETROLATUM?
Due to regulatory restrictions on PETROLATUM, cosmetic manufacturers often use alternative ingredients with similar functions. For antistatic, alternatives may include other approved ingredients in the same category. Consult product labels for specific formulations, and look for products compliant with your region's regulations.
Disclaimer
The information on this website is for educational and informational purposes only and is not intended as medical advice. While we strive for accuracy based on official government databases, cosmetic regulations change frequently. Always consult with a qualified professional or refer to the latest official regulatory documents for compliance. We are not responsible for any actions taken based on the information provided here.