TRICLOSAN
Commonly Found In
Overview
Triclosan is a synthetic broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent historically used in antibacterial soaps, deodorants, toothpaste, and hand sanitizers. It inhibits bacterial fatty acid synthesis (FabI enzyme), making it effective against many gram-positive bacteria. Regulatory actions from the EU (2014) and the US FDA (2016 OTC antiseptic wash ban) have sharply curtailed its cosmetic use worldwide; it remains permitted at 0.3% in US toothpaste and with limits in Japan.
Also known as: Triclosan, Irgasan, 5-Chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenol, CH 3565
Key Benefits
Studies suggest triclosan effectively reduces bacterial counts on skin; clinical evidence indicates it may help reduce body odor-causing bacteria in deodorant formulations and inhibit oral bacteria in toothpaste at 0.3%.
Supporting Research
- β’ Bhargava & Leonard (1996) β triclosan in toothpaste reduces Streptococcus mutans counts
- β’ FDA Final Rule 2016 β no additional benefit over plain soap demonstrated for OTC antiseptic washes
Skin Compatibility Ratings
Comedogenic Rating
Non-comedogenic at typical use concentrations (0.1β0.3%).
Source: CIR Expert Panel; FDA Monograph review
Irritancy Rating
Generally low irritancy at cosmetic-use concentrations; some sensitization potential reported with repeated exposure
Source: CIR Expert Panel; EU SCCS/1452/11
Typical Use Concentration
Range
0.1β0.3%
Optimal
0.3% (toothpaste, US-permitted)
EU and UK ban in rinse-off cosmetics; US OTC antiseptic wash use prohibited since 2016; 0.3% still permitted in US toothpaste
Works Well With / Avoid
Works Well With
Use With Caution
Activity is reduced by high concentrations of cationic surfactants. May bind to nylon in formulations, reducing bioavailability.
Commonly Found In
Global Regulation Summary
Overview of current status across major international markets.
Detailed Regional Status
| Region | Status | Max Conc. | Conditions | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| πͺπΊ EU | Allowed | - | - | Official β |
| πΊπΈ USA | Allowed | - | - | Official β |
| π―π΅ Japan | Allowed | - | - | Official β |
| π°π· Korea | Unknown | - | - | Official β |
| π¬π§ UK | Banned | - | Follows EU regulations (V/25) | Official β |
π Why Regulations Differ
The EU banned triclosan in rinse-off cosmetics in 2014 citing environmental persistence and endocrine disruption concerns. The US FDA banned it in OTC antiseptic soaps (2016) on lack-of-efficacy grounds but retains a specific exemption for toothpaste at 0.3%. Japan permits use with concentration limits.
Recent Regulatory Changes
- β’ EU Regulation 358/2014 prohibited triclosan in rinse-off cosmetics (effective 2015)
- β’ US FDA Final Rule September 2016 banned triclosan in OTC antiseptic wash products
Regulation Analysis
Regional Agreement
Banned in UK but allowed in EU, USA, Japan.
Category Comparison
There are 84 ingredients in the ANTIMICROBIAL category. 99% are banned in at least one major market.
Strictness Ranking
πΏ Natural Sources
Synthetic only. Not found in nature, though some marine bacteria can metabolize it.
π How It's Made
Synthesized through condensation of 2,4-dichlorophenol with chlorobenzene in the presence of a base catalyst. The chemical name is 5-chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenol. First synthesized in 1964 by Ciba-Geigy (now part of BASF).
π Uses in Cosmetics
Previously used at 0.2-0.3% in antibacterial soaps, toothpaste, deodorants, and hand sanitizers. Banned in EU cosmetics (2014, Regulation 358/2014). US FDA banned in OTC antiseptic wash products (2016) but still allows 0.3% in toothpaste. Effective against common bacteria; less effective against gram-negative. Mechanism: inhibits bacterial fatty acid synthesis.
π¬ Other Applications
Incorporated into plastics, textiles, cutting boards, medical devices, and toys as an antimicrobial additive. Use in consumer products has declined significantly post-2016.
π‘ Fun Facts
- β’ FDA's 2016 ban followed studies showing triclosan was no more effective than plain soap and water for killing germs
- β’ Environmental concerns emerged in the 2000s: triclosan persists in wastewater, converts to toxic dioxins when exposed to sunlight, and accumulates in aquatic organisms
- β’ Research in 2014-2016 suggested triclosan may contribute to antibiotic resistance and endocrine disruption, accelerating regulatory bans worldwide
Data Sources
- β’ EU CosIng database
- β’ FDA 21 CFR 310.545 (OTC Final Rule 2016)
- β’ SCCS/1452/11 β EU Scientific Committee opinion on triclosan
- β’ CIR Expert Panel safety assessment
Last data verification: 2026-04-16
Related Ingredients
BENZETHONIUM CHLORIDE
PHENOL
BENZALKONIUM CHLORIDE
CETRIMONIUM BROMIDE
CETRIMONIUM CHLORIDE
CHLOROPHENE
Learn More
Frequently Asked Questions
What is TRICLOSAN used for in cosmetics?
TRICLOSAN is primarily used for antimicrobial in cosmetic products. It also serves as deodorant, preservative. The ingredient is commonly found in various cosmetic and personal care products.
Which countries regulate TRICLOSAN?
TRICLOSAN is banned in UK. The ingredient is freely allowed in EU, JP, US.
Are there alternatives to TRICLOSAN?
Due to regulatory restrictions on TRICLOSAN, cosmetic manufacturers often use alternative ingredients with similar functions. For antimicrobial, alternatives may include other approved ingredients in the same category. Consult product labels for specific formulations, and look for products compliant with your region's regulations.
Where can I find official regulation information about TRICLOSAN?
Official information about TRICLOSAN regulations can be found on government websites: EU CosIng database, US FDA Cosmetics page, Japan MHLW cosmetics standards, UK Government cosmetics guidance, and Korea MFDS. Always verify regulatory status with these official sources before making formulation decisions.
Disclaimer
The information on this website is for educational and informational purposes only and is not intended as medical advice. While we strive for accuracy based on official government databases, cosmetic regulations change frequently. Always consult with a qualified professional or refer to the latest official regulatory documents for compliance. We are not responsible for any actions taken based on the information provided here.